Photonic crystals are also known as photonic band gap materials. These crystals are periodic optical nanostructures that can control light, mainly photons. Their synthetic versions have many potential applications, from reflection coatings to optical computers. Photonic crystals operate on a similar principle to how semiconductors enable the creation of electronic devices. The crystals have band gaps that allow some wavelengths of light to pass but not others, allowing for unprecedented control over light behavior.
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